Robustness testing is crucial for verifying autonomous vehicles. especially for safety-critical deep learning components like light detection and ranging (LiDAR) object detectors. Metamorphic testing (MT) assesses the robustness by automatically generating test cases based on abstract system specifications known as metamorphic relations (MRs). However. https://www.oxfordshopes.shop/product-category/ties-skinny-5-5cm-width/