In The VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) lifecycle, tape-out is often viewed as a major milestone. However, the true test of a chip begins only after silicon returns from fabrication. Post-silicon validation and bring-up represent the critical phase where theoretical correctness meets physical reality. At this stage, engineers must confirm https://nseindia90863.ampedpages.com/mastering-vlsi-verification-through-structured-and-industry-aligned-learning-66401504